Publications

For representative publications, see Leonard et al., (2021) 'Leveraging cognitive science to foster children’s persistence' and Leonard et al., (2017)'Infants make more attempts to achieve a goal when they see adults persist'.

Preprints/ Under review

Asaba, M., Santos, M., Jara-Ettinger, J., & Leonard, J.A. (under review). Adolescents are most motivated by encouragement from someone who knows their abilities and the domain. [PsyArXiv]

Zhang, F., McDougle, S., & Leonard, J.A. (under review). People accurately predict the shape of skill learning curves. [PsyArXiv]

Shachnai, R., Asaba, M., Hu, L., & Leonard, J.A. (under review). Pointing out learning opportunities reduces over-parenting. [PsyArXiv]

Asaba, M., Davis, I., Leonard, J.A., & Jara-Ettinger, J.E. (under review). Detecting social biases using mental state inference. [PsyArXiv]

McDermott, C., Taylor, K., Lydon-Staley, D., Leonard, J.A., & Mackey, A.P. (under review). Sensitivity to psychosocial influences at age 3 predicts mental health in middle childhood

Trevers, I.N., Marusak, H., Decker, A., Kucyi, A., Hubbard, N.A., Bauer, C.C., Leonard, J.A., Grotzinger, H., Giebler, M.A., Torres, Y.C., Imhof, A., Romero, R., Calhoun, V.D., & Gabrieli, J.D.E. (under review). Dynamic functional connectivity correlates of trait mindfulness in early adolescence.

Serko, D., Leonard, J.A. & Ruggeri, A. (under review). Children strategically decide what to practice.

Published articles

Zhang, F.*, Carrillo, B.*, & Leonard, J.A. (2023) Children’s developing understanding of learning as improvement over time. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]

Decker, A., Meisler, S. L., Hubbard, N., Bauer, C., Leonard, J.A., Imhoff, A., Giebler, M., Grotzinger, H., Camacho Torres, Y., Romeo, R., & Gabrieli, J.E. (2023). Striatal and behavioral responses to reward vary by socioeconomic status in adolescents. Journal of Neuroscience.https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1633-23.2023. [PDF]

Asaba, M.*, Davis, I.*, Leonard, J.A., & Jara-Ettinger, J. (2023) Detecting social biases using mental state inference. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Cordrey, S., Liu, H.S., & Mackey, A.P. (2022) Young children calibrate effort based on the trajectory of their performance. Developmental Psychology. [PsyArXiv] [PDF]

Tooley, U.T., Park, A.T., Leonard, J.A., Boroshok, A.L., McDermott, C.L., Tisdall, M.D., Bassett, D.S., & Mackey, A.P. (2022) The age of reason: Functional brain network development during childhood. Journal of Neuroscience. [BioRxiv] [PDF]

Park, A.T., Richardson, H., Tooley, U.A., McDermott, C.L., Boroshok, A.L., Ke, A., Leonard, J.A., Tisdall, M.D., Deater-Deckard, K., Edgar, J.C., & Mackey, A.P. (2022) Early stressful experiences are associated with reduced neural responses to naturalistic emotional and social content in children. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. [PsyArXiv] [paper]

Asaba, M., Santos, M., Jara-Ettinger, J., & Leonard, J.A. (2022) Adolescents are most motivated by encouragement from someone who knows their abilities and the domain. Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]

Zhang, F., McDougle, S., & Leonard, J.A. (2022) Thinking about doing: Representations of skill learning. Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]

Serko, D., Leonard, J.A., & Ruggeri, A. (2022) Developmental changes in children’s training strategies.Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]

Hart, Y., Kosoy, E., Liquin, E., Leonard, J.A., Mackey, A.P., & Gopnik, A. (2022) The development of creative search strategies. Cognition, 225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105102 [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Lydon-Staley, D.M., Sharp, S., Liu, H.Z., Park, A.T., Bassett, D.S., Duckworth, A.L., & Mackey, A.P. (2021) Daily fluctuations in young children’s persistence. Child Development https://doi/10.1111/cdev.13717 [PsyArXiv] [OSF] [PDF]

Chuey, A., Asaba, M., Bridgers, S., Carrillo, B., Dietz, G., Garcia, T., Leonard, J.A., Liu, S., Merrick, M., Radwan, S., Stegall, J., Velez, N., Woo, B., Wu, Y., Zhou, X., Frank, M.C, & Gweon, H. (2021). Examining the Validity of Online Methods for Developmental Research. Frontiers special issue on Empirical Research at a Distance: New Methods for Developmental Science, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.734398 [paper]

Kominsky, J.F., Begus, K., Bass, I., Colantonio, J., Leonard, J.A., Mackey, A., & Bonawitz, E. (2021). Organizing the methodological toolbox: Lessons learned from implementing developmental methods online. Frontiers special issue on Empirical Research at a Distance: New Methods for Developmental Science, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702710 [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Duckworth, A.L., Schulz, L.E., & Mackey, A.P. (2021) Leveraging cognitive science to foster children’s persistence. Trends in Cognitive Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.05.005 [PDF]

Romeo, R.R., Leonard, J.A., Grotziner, H.M., Robinson, S.T., Takada, M.E., Mackey, A.P., Scherer, E., Rower, M.L., West, M.R. Gabrieli, J.D.E. (2021). Neuroplasticity associated with conversational turn-taking following a family-based intervention. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 49(100967).[PDF]

Romeo, R.R.*, Leonard, J.A.*, Robinson, S.T., Mackey, A.P., West, M.R., & Gabrieli, J.D.E. (2021) Replication and extension of a family-based training program to improve cognitive abilities in young children. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness. https://doi.org/10.1080/19345747.2021.1931999 [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Martinez, D.N., Dashineau, S.C., Park, A.T., & Mackey, A.P. (2021). Children persist less when adults take over. Child Development, 91(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13305 [PDF] [PsyArXiv] [OSF]

Park, A. T., Tooley, U.A., Leonard, J.A., Boroshok, A. L., McDermott, C.L., Tisdall, D. & Mackey, A.P. (2021). Early childhood stress is associated with blunted development of ventral tegmental area functional connectivity. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Sandler, J., Nerenberg, A., Rubio, A., Schulz, L.E., & Mackey, A. P. (2020). Preschoolers are sensitive to their performance over time. Proceedings of the 42st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Garcia, A., & Schulz, L.E. (2019). How adults’ actions, outcomes, and testimony affect preschoolers’ persistence. Child Development . https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13305 [PDF] [OSF]

Leonard, J.A., Bennet-Pierre, G., & Gweon, H. (2019). Who is better? Preschoolers infer relative competence based on efficiency of process and quality of outcome. Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Romeo, R.R., Park, A., Takada, M.E., Robinson, S.T., ... Mackey, A.P. (2019). Associations between cortical thickness and reasoning vary by socioeconomic status in early childhood and adolescence. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience , 36(100641). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100641[PDF] [OSF]

Romeo, R.R., Seragan, J., Leonard, J.A., Robinson, S.T., West, M.R., Mackey, A.P., ...Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2018). Language exposure relates to structural neural connectivity in childhood. Journal of Neuroscience, 0484-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy017 [PDF]

Park, A.T., Leonard, J.A., Saxler, P.K., Cyr, A.B., Gabrieli, J.D., & Mackey, A.P. (2018). Amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex connectivity relates to stress and mental health in early childhood. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, , 13(4), 430-439. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy017. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy017 [PDF]

Romeo, R. R., Leonard, J.A., Robinson, S. T., Rowe, M. L., Mackey, A. P., Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2017). The neural correlates of the “30 million word gap”: Childhood conversational exposure is associated with language-related brain function. Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617742725 [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Lee, Y., & Schulz, L.E. (2017). Infants make more attempts to achieve a goal when they see adults persist. Science 357(6357), 1290-1294. doi:10.1126/science.aan2317 [PDF] [Supplementary Materials] [OSF]

Shusterman, A., Cheung, P., Taggart, J., Bass, T., Leonard, J.A., & Schwartz, A. (2017). Conceptual Correlates of Counting: Children’s Spontaneous Matching and tracking of Large Sets Reflects their Knowledge of the Cardinal Principle. The Journal of Numerical Cognition, 3(1), 1-30. doi:10.5964/jnc.v3i1.65 [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Flournoy, J., Lewis-de los Angeles, C., & Whitaker, K. (2017). How much motion is too much motion? Determining motion thresholds by sample size for reproducibility in developmental resting-state MRI. Research Ideas and Outcomes, 3: e12569. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e12569 [PDF]

Finn, A.S., Minas, J., Leonard, J.A., Mackey, A.P., Salvatore, J., Goetz, C., West, M., Gabrieli C.F.O. & Gabrieli, J.D.E. (2016). Functional brain organization of working memory in adolescents varies in relation to family income and academic achievement. Developmental Science. doi:110.1111/desc.12450 [PDF]

Cain, M.S., Leonard, J.A., Gabrieli, J.D.E., & Finn, A.S. (2016). Multi-media tasking in adolescents. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1-10. doi: 10.3758/s13423-016-1036-3[PDF]

Finn, A.S, Kalra, P.B., Goetz, C, Leonard, J.A., Sheridan, M.A., & Gabrieli, J.D.E. (2016). Developmental dissociation between the maturation of procedural memory and declarative memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 142, 212-22 [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Mackey, A.P., Finn, A. S., & Gabrieli, J.D.E. (2015). Differential effects of socioeconomic status on declarative and procedural memory. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9:554. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00554 [PDF]

Mackey, A.P., Finn, A.S., Leonard, J.A., Jacoby-Senghor, D.S., West, M.R., Gabrieli, C.F., & Gabrieli, J.D.E. (2015). Neuroanatomical correlates of the income-achievement gap. Psychological Science, doi:0956797615572233 [PDF]

Chai, X.J., Hirshfeld-Becker, D., Biederman, J., Uchida, M., Doehrmann, O., Leonard, J.A., ... & Whitfield-Gabrieli, S. (2015). Altered intrinsic functional brain architecture in children at familial risk of major depression. Biological Psychiatry. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.12.003 [PDF]

Chai, X.J., Hirshfeld-Becker, D., Biederman, J., Uchida, M., Doehrmann, O., Leonard, J.A., ... & Gabrieli, J. D. (2015). Functional and structural brain correlates of risk for major depression in children with familial depression. NeuroImage: Clinical, 8, 398- 407. doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.05.004 [PDF]

Leonard, J.A., Berkowitz, T., & Shusterman, A. (2014). The effect of friendly touch on delay-of-gratification in preschool children. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1-11, doi: 10.1080/17470218.2014.907325 [PDF]

Plummer, D.B., Galla. B.M., Finn, A.S., Patrick, S.D., Meketon, D., Leonard, J.A. … Duckworth, A.L. (2014). A behind-the-scenes guide to school-based research. Mind, Brain, and Education, 8(1), 15-20. doi: 10.111mbe.12040 [PDF]

Finn, A.S., Kraft, M., West, M., Leonard, J.A., Bisk, C., Martin, R., Sheridan, M.A., Gabrieli, C.F.O., & Gabrieli, J.D.E. (2014). Cognitive skills, student achievement tests, and schools. Psychological Science, 25(3), 736-44. doi: 10.1177/0956797613516008 [PDF]

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